definition ijma

IJMA '

A. Definition of Ijma '

1. According to the language

Ijma 'by language means agree, agree or disagree.

2. According to the terms

According to the term ijma 'is an agreement about the mujtahid Ummah Islamic rules' of an event occurring after the Prophet's death.

B. Basic Law of Ijma '

The legal basis of ijma 'is aI-Qur'an, al-Hadith and mind.

1. Al-Quran

Allah says in the Qur'an Surah An-Nisa verse 59 which means:

"O ye who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger (His), and ulil amri among you".

Words ulil amri contained in the above verse means that regard, the general state of affairs of the world and covers religious affairs. Ulil amri is king in world affairs, heads of state, leaders or rulers, being ulil amri in religious matters is the mujtahid.

From the above verse is understood that if the ulil amri have agreed about anything provisions or laws of any such event, the agreement ought to be implemented and adhered to by the Muslims.

2. Hadiths

If the mujtahid has made consensus on Islamic rules 'of an event or incident, the ijma' ought to be followed, because they do not do a deal to make mistakes especially wickedness and falsehood, as the words of the Prophet Muhammad:

Meaning: "My people will not agree to make a mistake." (Narrated by Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi)

C. Pillars of Ijma '

Usul fiqh scholars define the pillars of ijma 'as follows:

1. there are some people dikala mujtahid and the mujtahid occurrence that is doing the deal.

2. That did the deal it let all the mujtahid that exist in the Islamic world. If the deal was only done by the mujtahid that exist in a country, then the agreement can not be said that such a consensus.

3. The agreement should be stated explicitly by every mujtahid that he agreed with the other mujtahid mujtahid-law (Personality ') of an event (problem) that occurred at that time.

4. The deal ought to be the unanimous agreement of all mujtahid. if there is an agreement by the mujtahid partly there, then the decision is uncertain to the extent such ijma '.

D. The possibility of occurrence of Ijma '

At the time of the Holy Prophet was alive, he was the source of law. Every event or incident, Muslims seek legal in the Qur'an which was revealed and has been accepted in those sayings hadith by the Prophet. If they do not find the second source, then they asked the Prophet.

After the Prophet's death, the Muslims lost the place to ask, but they already have a full grip, the al-Quran and al-Hadith.

So, ijma 'is likely to occur during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Caliph Umar or less likely in the first six years of Caliph Uthman. This is because at the time of the Muslims are one, yet there are sharp differences of opinion among the Muslims themselves, in addition to Islamic regions have not been so widespread, it is still possible to collect the friends or people seen as mujtahid.

After six years of the second portion of the Caliphate of Uthman, the symptoms begin to appear discord among the Muslims. After Caliph Uthman was killed, divisions among the Muslims increasingly happening, as the battle between Ali ibn Abi Talib by Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan, the battle between Ali ibn Abi Talib at the famous Aisha Jamal war, raised the Khawaarij, Shiite groups Mu'awiyah groups and so on.

From the above we can take the following conclusion:

1. Ijma 'is not required at the time of the Prophet Muhammad;

2. Ijma 'may occur at the time of Caliph Abu Bakr, Caliph Umar bin Khattab, and the first six years of Caliph Uthman, and after a second six-year reign of Caliph Uthman until now not been possible consensus in accordance with the pillars that have been set out above, given the circumstances Muslims are not united and populous area extent Islam.

E. Various kinds of ijma '

While it is difficult to prove whether the ijma 'is really happening, but in the books of fiqh and usul fiqh explained various ijma'. Explained that ijma 'can be viewed from multiple facets and each facet consists of some sort.

If the terms of the occurrence, the ijma 'divided 2:

1. ljma 'Bayani, ie the mujtahid had this to say in a clear and unequivocal

2. Ijma 'sukuti, ie the mujtahid whole or partly they do not express their opinions clearly and firmly, but they remain silent or did not respond to a law that has been put forward another mujtahid who lived in his time.

if in terms of whether or not confident, then ijma 'divided 2:

1. ljma 'qath'i, the law that produced consensus qath'i believed it was true occurrence.

2. ljma 'zhanni, the law generated ijma' was zhanni, there are other possibilities that the laws of the event or events specified in contrast to the results of ijtihad others or with the results of ijma 'is done at another time.